Journal of Philology and Historical Review
The Journal of Philology and Historical Review publishes research on philology or ancient manuscript, history, general theoretical and historiographical questions relevant to historians of many specialties.
The Muslim Contribution to the Formation of United States Identity from the 19th to the 20st Century
This study examines the contributions of early Muslim communities—encompassing enslaved African Muslims and Middle Eastern immigrants from the late 19th to the early 20th century—to the process of shaping the United States as a pluralistic and multicultural nation. Although the presence of Muslims has been recorded since the period of slavery, mainstream American historical narratives have tended to marginalize the significant roles of the Muslim community in the nation’s social, cultural, and spiritual dynamics. Through a historical-qualitative approach and a "history from below" historiographical analysis, this research highlights how Muslims acted as active agents in confronting marginalization, preserving their religious and cultural identities, and building social structures that supported their community's sustainability. This study demonstrates that their contributions were not limited to religious aspects but also extended to economic, cultural, and civil rights struggles, particularly through African-American Islamic movements. These findings challenge the assumption that Islam is a foreign element in American history, instead asserting that it is an integral part of the nation's formation. By tracing the hidden vestiges of Muslim communities, this article aims to enrich a more inclusive and representative American historical narrative while contributing theoretically to the study of multiculturalism, national identity, and religious history in the United States.
Copyright (c) 2026 Johan Septian Putra, Alkhairi Alkhairi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Religious Authority within the Colonial Structure:The Kiai Penghulu of Banyumas and Local Social Dynamics (1922–1938)
The early twentieth century marked a crucial period in the transformation of the roles of kiai penghulu in Banyumas, particularly within the socio-religious and socio-cultural domains. Their integration into the colonial bureaucratic structure positioned kiai penghulu in a strategic role that enabled them to perform dual functions: as religious officials and as social actors mediating between colonial administrative interests and the religious needs of Muslim communities. In this context, kiai penghulu were not merely executors of normative religious duties but were also actively engaged in local processes of social change. This article examines the roles of kiai penghulu in Banyumas amid the evolving social dynamics shaped by the implementation of the Ethical Policy and the intensification of modernization in the Netherlands Indies. The study employs the historical method, encompassing heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings demonstrate that kiai penghulu in Banyumas played an active role in early twentieth-century social life through their involvement in religious organizations such as Muhammadiyah during the 1920s, participation in the establishment of grassroots financial institutions that later developed into Bank Rakyat Indonesia, and contributions to the dissemination of knowledge through writings published in Majalah Damai. This article contributes to the study of colonial Islamic socio-cultural history by highlighting local perspectives that position kiai penghulu as active agents of social change and by offering a fresh understanding of religious officials as mediators between the colonial state and Muslim society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jamaluddin Jamaluddin, Syaiful Anam, Affaf Mujahidah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Conversion of the Belief System of the Riau Islands Sea Nomads (Suku Laut) 1999–2026
This study examines the belief system conversion among the Suku Laut (Sea Nomads) community in the Riau Islands from traditional beliefs to religion. It focuses on the traditional belief systems of the Suku Laut prior to the introduction of religion, the process of religious transformation, and its impact on the community's cultural identity. Using a historical method with an oral history approach, primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with members of the Suku Laut community in Lingga, Batam, and Pongok Island, while secondary data were gathered from relevant books, scientific articles, and previous studies. The findings reveal that prior to adopting a religion, the Suku Laut community had developed a local religiosity rooted in a spiritual connection with the sea, taboos, seasonal knowledge, and beliefs in natural signs. The shift toward religion occurred gradually, influenced by changes in settlement patterns, social interactions, education, and state intervention through coastal resettlement programs. Although the community has embraced religion, several elements of their traditional beliefs persist in daily life. This study demonstrates that the conversion of the belief system among the Suku Laut did not occur as a total replacement, but rather through cultural negotiation and the reconstruction of religious identity within the maritime indigenous community of the Riau Islands.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sinta Soptapia, Novita Mandasari Hutagaol, Fitri Yanti, Tri Tarwiyani, Arnesih Arnesih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Sky as a Compass: The Traditional Navigation System of the Sea Nomads (Orang Laut) of Gara Island
This study examines the traditional maritime knowledge system of the Orang Laut community on Gara Island, Batam City, Riau Islands Province. It aims to analyze local knowledge related to stars, the moon, ocean currents, seasons, winds, and natural signs used for navigation and maritime activities. The research employs the oral history method to reconstruct the development of this knowledge system from 1991 to 2026, with data collected through in-depth interviews and supported by relevant literature and documents. The data were analyzed using maritime anthropology and ethnoastronomy approaches. The findings indicate that the Orang Laut community possesses an ecological knowledge system developed through long-term interaction with the marine environment and transmitted across generations. This knowledge functions not only as a traditional navigation system but also as a foundation of cultural identity and ecological adaptation. The study further reveals that modernization and coastal development have contributed to the transformation of traditional maritime practices while simultaneously threatening the continuity of indigenous maritime knowledge. These findings highlight the importance of preserving local maritime knowledge as part of the cultural heritage of coastal communities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aubray Mariel Ariestho, Novita Mandasari Hutagaol, Tri Tarwiyani, Fitri Yanti, Arnesih Arnesih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Shaykh Yusuf al-Makassari: Political Exile, Religious Authority, and Historical Legacy in South Africa
The history of Islam in Southeast Asia and Africa cannot be disentangled from the dynamics of migration, colonialism, and spiritual resistance to subjugation. Shaykh Yusuf al-Makassari (1626–1699 CE) a nobleman, Islamic scholar, Sufi master, and anti-colonial resistance fighter from Makassar, South Sulawesi represents one of the most consequential transnational figures in the global history of Islam. This study aims to reconstruct the historical trajectory of Shaykh Yusuf al-Makassari, from his political captivity under the Dutch East India Company (VOC) to his enduring role as a foundational figure of Islam in South Africa. Employing a library research methodology integrated with the historical research method, comprising heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This study systematically analyzes primary and secondary sources pertaining to Shaykh Yusuf's life, exile, and legacy. The findings reveal that despite being forcibly exiled to Ceylon (1684) and subsequently to the Cape of Good Hope (1694), Shaykh Yusuf succeeded in establishing the first consolidated Muslim community in South Africa through the clandestine transmission of Khalwatiyya Sufi teachings, thereby earning recognition as the "Father of Islam in South Africa" — a legacy later celebrated by Nelson Mandela as the foundational inspiration of South Africa's anti-apartheid and anti-colonial struggle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alkhairi, Erasiah, Nelmawarni, Johan Septian Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Central Sumatra During the PRRI Period (1958-1961)
This study aims to analyze the development of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Central Sumatra and the organization’s political stance in responding to the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI) conflict in the late 1950s. It also seeks to explain the dynamics of NU’s relationship with regional political elites and the central government, as well as the impact of the PRRI conflict on the development of NU in West Sumatra. This research employs the historical method, consisting of four main stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicate that Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) began to develop organizationally in Central Sumatra in the early 1950s through the efforts of several prominent figures, some of whom originated from the Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Perti) milieu. Although NU secured only limited electoral support in the 1955 General Election, the organization remained actively involved in regional political affairs. During the initial phase of the PRRI conflict, NU supported the Dewan Banteng; however, it subsequently aligned itself with the central government's policy when the conflict evolved into an armed rebellion against Jakarta. Following the end of the PRRI conflict, administrative restructuring and organizational reorganization contributed to the strengthening of NU at the regional level. During the Guided Democracy period, NU experienced significant growth through the expansion of its organizational network, an increase in membership, and greater participation in political institutions. These developments demonstrate the close relationship between the evolution of religious organizations and broader political transformations at both the regional and national levels.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Yunus, Zulqayyim Zulqayyim, Yusmarni Djalius https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gambir, Timber and Coffee: A History of the Trade in Forest and Plantation Products on the East Coast of Sumatra in the 19th Century
The eastern coast of Sumatra has long been integrated into international trade networks. In the 19th century, a number of forest and plantation products—namely gambier, timber, and coffee—emerged as key export commodities. This article aims to identify the trade patterns of gambier, timber, and coffee, and to analyze the dynamics of commerce along the eastern coast of Sumatra during the 19th century. The research employs historical methodology consisting of four stages: heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicate that gambier, timber, and coffee were significant export goods contributing to the vibrancy of trade in the region. Coffee, in particular, was prioritized by the Dutch colonial administration through the implementation of the cultuurstelsel (forced cultivation system). Furthermore, commercial activity in this area established a linkage between the Sumatran highlands and coastal regions, with the majority of traded commodities originating from the inland territories.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafli Dafisco, Serli Wulandari, Nana Fitriana Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Sago Trade Dispute and Judicial Process in the Riau Lingga Kingdom: A Philological Analysis of Manuscript Letters from 1899-1900
This paper aims to explore the stemma method in philological studies and analyze the application of this method in researching ancient texts, especially in the aspect of manuscript genealogy. This paper arises in response to the challenges philologists often face when trying to determine the most appropriate method for their research into manuscripts. The presence of various methodological options can often confuse researchers and make them feel disoriented in their research. Therefore, this paper aims to provide guidance to readers in determining the appropriate steps in philological research, especially in the context of manuscripts that are considered ancient or old. One of the methods that will be discussed in detail is the use of Stemma, which is a very useful tool in uncovering the autograph authenticity of ancient manuscripts. By utilizing the Stemma method in research, researchers can take concrete steps to identify and analyze genealogical relationships between various ancient texts. This can help them achieve a deeper understanding of the origins and development of the texts, as well as identify the most authentic or authentic versions. Thus, through a better understanding of the theory, methodology and practical applications of philology, it is hoped that researchers will not feel confused or lost in their research, especially when they are dealing with texts that have a long and complex history.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syahrul Rahmat, Zikra Fadilla, Siti Azira Abd Rahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Economic Progress of the Ottoman Empire: An Analysis of Advancement During the Reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
The development of the Islamic economy during the reign of Suleiman al-Qanuni (1520–1566 CE) represents one of the significant episodes in the history of global economic development. This article analyzes the economic progress achieved by the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566), known as one of the peak periods in the empire's history. The main focus of this research is on the economic policies implemented by Sultan Suleiman, as well as their impact on key sectors such as agriculture, trade, and taxation. The research methods employed are: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research findings indicate that Suleiman's reign saw the implementation of reforms in the administrative and tax systems, including the continuation of the timar system, which contributed to a more equitable distribution of resources and increased agricultural output. Furthermore, rapidly growing trade relations with Europe, Asia, and Africa positioned the Ottoman Empire as a global trade center, which significantly benefited the economy. Overall, the reign of Sultan Suleiman played a crucial role in modernizing and strengthening the Ottoman economic structure through constructive and systematic policies, bringing prosperity to its people during the 16th century.
Copyright (c) 2025 Johan Septian Putra, Zakiyah Rahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
History and Value of Batalam Tradition in Koto Baru Payakumbuh (1942-1990)
Batalam is one of the traditions that is still carried out by the people of Koto Baru Village, Payakumbuh, West Sumatra. Over time, talam continues to change, especially in terms of the use of materials. The purpose of this research is to analyze the changes that have occurred in the batalam tradition in Koto Baru, and to analyze the meaning of the batalam tradition for the local community. This research uses historical research methods. The steps in the historical research method used in this research are heuristics, source criticism, synthesis and writing or historiography. The results of this study indicate that since before 1942, there has been a significant change from the batalam tradition, previously the community used katidiang tunggak, while after 1942, it began to switch to talam or dulang. Until the 1990s, there was no longer a change in shape, but only a change in the material of the talam, from previously made of brass to aluminum, besides that there was also a change in the material of the cup which was originally made of glass to plastic. Despite the change in materials, the value contained in this tradition is still the same, which is related to symbols of togetherness, respect, and closeness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salsabila Dwi Putri, Siti Aisyah, Yulniza Yulniza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of The Stemma Method in The Study of Nusantara Ancient Manuscripts
Copyright (c) 2025 Budi Darmawan, Lidia maijar, Yulfira Riza, Endah Regita Cahyani Nazra, Irno Irno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Recent Trends on Study of History of Islam in Indonesia
This article explores recent developments in the study of the history of Islam in Indonesia, highlighting methodological shifts and thematic expansions among scholars. Contemporary historiography has moved beyond traditional emphases on political and institutional narratives to embrace more nuanced explorations of Islam’s social, cultural, and local manifestations. Recent research reflects a paradigm shift from grand narratives toward micro-histories that capture the diverse expressions of Islam across regions. The increased utilization of local sources—such as manuscripts, colonial archives, and oral traditions—has enriched the understanding of Islamic dynamics in Indonesia. Employing interdisciplinary approaches that draw on anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies, the study of Islamic history has become more complex and inclusive. These trends not only advance academic discourse but also contribute to shaping a dynamic and context-sensitive Islamic identity within the Indonesian archipelago. This study adopts a qualitative literature review method by analyzing peer-reviewed scholarly articles published between 2015 and 2023, primarily sourced from the Scopus database. The analysis employs thematic coding to synthesize key findings across four main domains: historical foundations, Islamic organizations, education, and legal frameworks. This approach enables a comprehensive understanding of contemporary historiographical trends in the study of Islam in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rizqi Anfanni Fahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Emergence of Free Will and Predestination: Genealogical Studies in History of Early Islamic Thought
This article focuses on the emergence of the idea of free will and predestination in history of early Islamic Thought and the factors that influence its emergence. This research uses a historical analysis approach, this approach involves several important steps, such as heuristics, source criticism (both internal and external), interpretation, and historiography. The results of this research show that there are various actors who influence its emergence so that it narrows down in several groups that appear in Early Islamic history such as Khawarij, Jabariya, Qadariya. Mu’tazila and Ashariya. This article also looks at the emergence of the thought of free will and predestination from the influence of pre-Islamic Arab thought and political conditions and also the influence of outside Arab thought.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Alfan Sidik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Politics of Representation of the G 30 S Incident at the Museum of Monumen Pahlawan Pancasila
The tragedy of the Movement on September 30th, 1965 by Indonesian Communist Party (G 30 S/PKI) has been widely considered as the most controversial history of Indonesia. The military generals, namely, Colonel Katamso, a Commander Military Resort Comman (Korem/Komando Rayon Militer) 072/Pamungkas, and Lieutenant Colonel Sugiyono, a Head Staff of Korem 072/Pamungkas, were assassinated during the tragedy. Because of the tragic event, the killing of these two military generals, the Soeharto government built a monument of commemoration for them in the Museum of Monumen Pahlawan Pancasila located in Padukuhan Kentungan, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). This research expects to see how the Museum of Monumen Pahlawan Pancasila represents the tragedy of G 30 S/PKI. By using Stuart Hall’s theory of representation, the author interprets meanings and symbols through objects, displays, buildings, photos represented in the museum in order to deliver significant meaning to the public. This research explores primary and secondary data. The first one refers to historical work and anthropological fieldworks done in the research site in the museum, including observations, interviews, historic archive collections. The research result shows that the museum represents the tragedy as a coup d’etat carried out by the communists to overthrow the legitimate government. PKI is negatively stigmatized as the mastermind of the tragedy G30S/PKI. Museum as political discourse constructed by the New Order government. Museum as an institution aims to disperse knowledge and produce meanings to lead the audience to a given meaning.
Copyright (c) 2024 Samantha Aditya Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tax, Social Justice, and Economic Stability: The Islamic Taxation System of Ibn Khaldun's Thought
The history of tax thought has an important role, position, and contribution in the development of Islamic historiography. Unfortunately, historiography about it is still minimal, leaving various issues of interpretation that are unclear, complicated, and problematic. This issue triggered Ibn Khaldun to comment through his work entitled Al-Muqaddimah. However, Ibn Khaldun's thoughts on Islamic taxation in Al-Muqaddimah have not been written analytically. This article aims to provide analysis and explanation related to Ibn Khaldun's thoughts on taxation. This article is written using a literature study approach to Al-Muqaddimah, besides that the author also uses relevant secondary sources. Ibn Khaldun's thought in Al-Muqaddimah is a response to the accusation that taxes in Islam are a punishment for Muslims and non-Muslims. Taxes are not only important in the development system of Muslim countries, but also to provide an understanding for Muslims about the importance of taxation in social justice and economic stability. According to Ibn Khaldun, since the beginning, taxes have been imposed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW and the caliphs to ensure the state development system. In addition, tax enforcement since the Prophet's era was enforced according to the situation of the times. This is related to efforts to provide protection for Muslims and maintain harmony with non-Muslims.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Novan Leany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Discovery of Object Suspected of Cultural Heritage Olak Badar Sematang Pundung Temple
The implementation of this research aims to record and map the potential of Olak Badar Sematang Pundung Temple in Kumpeh District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The existence of illegal activitis from treasure hunters on this site because there are several illegal excavation holes found on the site and abandoned. In an effort to preserve and save the Object of Suspected Cultural Heritage (ODCB) in the site area. So that later it can be processed for cultural heritage designation. In the Sematang Pundung Temple Site Mapping activity, which is in Tanjung Village, Kumpeh District, Muaro Jambi Regency, using quantitative and qualitative research methods. Such research methods in data collection and potential mapping activities are generally applied in archaeological research. From the results of field data collection, twenty-four (24) ODCB objects were found. Based on the results of data collection and potential mapping, it is known that the Sematang Pundung Temple Site is an area consisting of several sites and has objects suspected of cultural heritage. As an area that has ODCB findings, the sites in this area are vulnerable to illegal looting activities.
Copyright (c) 2024 Alfa Noranda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Migration and the Historical Development of Islam in Taiwan from the 17th to the Early 21st Century
The spread of Islam in Taiwan is inseparable from the history of Islam's entry into Tiongkok, which began with the migration of Chinese Muslims to Taiwan in the 17th century and was followed by subsequent migrations. This research analyses the phases and influences brought by Muslim migrants to Taiwan. The method used in this research is the historical research method, including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study show that there are four phases of Muslim migration to Taiwan: the first phase occurred in the 17th century, the second phase 1952-1961 which occurred in two waves, the first wave 1952-1954, the third phase occurred in 1961, this phase is also known as the evacuation phase of KMT Veterans from Burma and Thailand. The fourth phase occurred in 1989, with the influx of migrant workers from Tiongkok, Burma, Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia; these immigrants positively impacted the development of Islam in Taiwan. Evidence of the development of Islam in this fourth phase is the existence of halal certification, halal restaurants and hotels, Muslim-friendly neighborhoods, the establishment of the Indonesian Mosque (Masjid At-Taqwa), the emergence of Muslim communities (FORMMIT, Chinese Muslim Association, Indonesian Student Association) and the presence of Indonesian Muslim organizations (Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah).
Copyright (c) 2023 Rahmawati Fitri, Faras Puji Azizah, Nelmawarni Nelmawarni, Erman Erman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Genealogy of the Raja Alam Pagaruyung Dynasty in Kitab Salasilah Rajo-Rajo di Minangkabau (1336-1825)
Studies on the history and genealogy of the Raja Alam Pagaruyung are still limited, one of the reasons is the lack of written sources. Previous studies have only revealed several kings in Pagaruyung, such as Adityawarman (14th century AD), Sultan Ahmadsyah, and Gagar Alam (17th - 18th century AD). Therefore, this study aimed to explain the history and genealogy of the Raja Alam Pagaruyung from the 14th century to the 19th century AD. This study used historical research methods: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historical writing. The two main sources are a photocopy and the translation book of Kitab Salasilah Rajo-Rajo di Minangkabau manuscript. The results of this study showed that the Raja Alam Pagaruyung Dynasty was the descendant of previous king dynasties, namely the dynasty of kings in Bukit Siguntang (Palembang), Sumpur Sireno Puro, Malayu Tapi Air Jambi, and Ranah Tiga Laras (Dharmasraya). The existence of Raja Alam is related to Dewang Palakama Raja Indra Dewawana (Adityawarman) as Raja Undang in the Rajo Tigo Selo concept (1336-1376). Later, the term Raja Undang was changed to Raja Alam by Dewang Pandan Putowano as the fourth king (1420 – 1457). The first 12 Kings of Alam Pagaruyung reigned at Balai Gudam, but since the Yamtuan Bakilap Alam period (1543), they moved to Balai Janggo.
Copyright (c) 2023 Sultan Kurnia, Zera Permana, Ghio V. D Soares, Suparmi Suparmi, Hendri Aldrat, Khudri Khudri, Adhiko E Asmara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Traces of History, Spirituality, and Architecture: A Study of Surau Cerobong, Padang, West Sumatra
This research is a scientific article carried out in the field with the aim of studying the relationship between society and the Surau Cerobong (surau can be referred to as a small mosque), from historical and archaeological views. This study covers the history, social and religious activities carried out at Surau Cerobong, and the shape of the building. This research uses historical research methods as the main method and is reinforced by archaeological research methods. The historical method is used through the steps of heuristics, source criticism, synthesis, and historiography. While the archaeological method is used to analyze the physical building of the surau. The results of this study found that Surau Cerobong was built on the initiative of Imam Karim in 1941, as a place to develop Islamic teachings. Aside from being a place to perform the obligatory prayers, the surau is also used as a place to teach tariqah and conduct suluk. In architectural aspects, there are parts that have similarities with the Persian architectural style during the Seljuk Dynasty.
Copyright (c) 2023 Yuliana Nurfalina, Budi Darmawan, Muhammad Al-Huzaini, Nur Anisah Hasibuan, Riri Anggaraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perang Riau (1782-1787): Reflections on Maritime Culture in Tuhfat Al-Nafis
The Perang Riau is one of the events that is narrated completely in Tuhfat al-Nafis. This book was originally written by Raja Ahmad Engku Haji Tua and then perfected by Raja Ali Haji in the mid-19th century. Tuhfat al-Nafis discusses various events in the Malay region in full, including the maritime culture of the Malay people and naval warfare. As a historical work written by a Malay, Tuhfat al-Nafis offers an Indonesian-centric historiographic perspective regarding the Perang Riau. There are two problem formulations in this research, first, what are the aspects of Malay maritime culture in Tuhfat al-Nafis? And secondly, what is the narrative of maritime history in the events of the Perang Riau contained in Tuhfat al-Nafis. This research was carried out using historical research methods which consist of four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historical writing. The results of the research show that Tuhfat al-Nafis explains well the maritime culture of the Malay community, especially with regard to shipping technology. Apart from that, control of geography, resources and maritime communities became the main capital for the Malays to survive and fight against the Dutch.
Copyright (c) 2023 Rendra Setyadiharja, Priyo Joko Purnomo, Syahrul Rahmat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Boarding School and Economic Change in Modern Islamic Boarding School Nurul Ikhlas, Tanah Datar Regency (1990-2015)
The establishment of the Nurul Ikhlas Modern Islamic Boarding School in Nagari Panyalaian brought changes to the local community's economy. Economic changes can be seen from people's livelihoods from the agricultural to non-agrarian sectors. The condition of society before the existence of Islamic boarding schools was more focused on agriculture and animal husbandry. The Islamic boarding school provides space for the local community to open businesses related to the needs of the students. These new job opportunities can help people fulfill their needs and alleviate economic problems. This article aims to determine the influence of Islamic boarding schools in changing the economy of the Nagari Panyalaian community. This research is historical research which consists of four stages with steps: heuristics, source criticism, synthesis, and writing (historiography). Apart from using archives, this research uses data collected through interviews and observations. The Nurul Ikhlas Modern Islamic Boarding School has sufficient resources and capital to serve as a basis for economic empowerment of the people. With these resources and capital, Islamic boarding schools can carry out various activities oriented towards the economic empowerment of local people.
Copyright (c) 2023 Leli Indra Beti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The History of Muhammadiyah School in Tanjungpinang
This paper discusses the history of the Muhammadiyah school in Tanjungpinang City. Writing using historical research methods. The data collection was carried out through literature studies and interviews. The Tanjungpinang branch of Muhammadiyah was established in 1939, but the Muhammadiyah school came later. The Junior High School (SMP) was established in 1961. The Muhammadiyah school in Tanjungpinang has experienced a golden age because it was one of the pioneers in the existence of private schools. The formation of the Riau Archipelago Province in 2004 with the capital in Tanjungpinang ironically did not have a positive impact on the development of Muhammadiyah schools. This condition contrasts with the development of Muhammadiyah schools in Batam City which are progressing rapidly. Weaknesses in management in the management of education caused the Muhammadiyah school in Tanjungpinang to experience setbacks. Another reason is that there are Muhammadiyah figures in Tanjungpinang who built and have Islamic educational institutions which are far more advanced and developed than Muhammadiyah schools.
Copyright (c) 2023 Dedi Arman, Meli Deswita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Smell of Opium in Minangkabau: Tradition of Betel Chewing and Smoking Tobacco in the 19th Century
One of the historical themes of the Padri movement in Minangkabau in the 19th century was about eradicating the habit of smoking madat that occurred in Minangkabau society. The habit of smoking opium cannot be read at face value without investigating how opium-derived opium is used in the daily habits of the Minangkabau people. For example, in the habit of chewing betel nut and smoking tobacco. Therefore, using a social history approach, this paper will describe how opium is involved in the habit of chewing betel nut and smoking tobacco in the Minangkabau community. Thus, this paper will help explain how to understand the social context of the Padri in eradicating habits that they consider to be behavior that is not in accordance with Islamic teachings.
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Nasir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Terubuk Fish in Bengkalis 19th to 20th Century: A Study of Animal History
Terubuk fish were an important part of the life of the Bengkalis people in the past, both from an economic and cultural perspective. The high selling price in the market made terubuk a target for fishermen in the area and even involved local and colonial governments. This article examines the history of the catching and trading of terubuk from time to time, as well as the involvement of terubuk in historical dynamics in Bengkalis in the 19th to 20th centuries. This research is historical research which consists of four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of the research were then analyzed using an animal history approach, in which, according to Rees, animals are agents who have the capacity to contribute to history. As a result of the research, Ikan Terubuk is an agent who plays an important role in the dynamics of trade and cultural history in Bengkalis. From the trade aspect, terubuk is a commodity with high economic value and has also been one of the export commodities in the past. Meanwhile, from the cultural aspect, the idea of ikan terubuk is manifested in the form of tradition through the semah terubuk ceremony and the creation of syair ikan terubuk.
Copyright (c) 2023 Windi Syahrian, Syahrul Rahmat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Illumination on the Bamboo Manuscript "Karang Mindu" Collection of Bakhtiar Hanif Kerinci
The Karang Mindu manuscript is one of the ancient manuscripts originating from Kerinci, one of the collections of Bakhtiar Hanif, which we know that these ancient manuscripts are very important to protect, because they are relics of our ancestors that have high historical value. Not only that, from ancient manuscripts we can find out about the culture of the past about the illumination on the bamboo manuscript "Karang Mindu" collection of Bakhtiar Hanif Kerinci. The purpose of this article is to find out about the manuscript. Overall, the method used in this research is to use a qualitative method using a literature study, by collecting the main source from the EAP Library with documentation number EAP 117/63/1/15, besides that the author also collects sources from various previous studies, books, articles, journals, which are related to the research theme. The result of this research is the content of the manuscript text Karang Mindu explains about a poet whose love is unrequited, besides that there are also interesting illuminations such as Pucuk Rebung, and Keluk Paku. The manuscript motive also describes the life of ancient people who always utilized nature for their needs. Therefore, studying the illuminations in the manuscript helps to strengthen and maintain Kerinci's cultural heritage or local wisdom.
Copyright (c) 2023 Faras Puji Azizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Traces of Spice Trade in Malay Text Records in the Riau Archipelago
The 18th until 19th century was a golden period/era of Riau Islands as a hub of spices trade in western Nusantara (Indonesia). In geographical aspect, Riau Islands border Malaka Strait to the west and the South China Sea to the north, so that this region was known as the gate of the world spices trade to Nusantara. The major commodities from Riau Islands is gambier which flourish in Tanjungpinang and catch the world’s attention. Foreigners who came and did trade in this region were welcomed by Malay society. A warm and dynamic interaction by Malay people with foreigners like Chinese, Arabs, and Indians generated certain cultural acculturation. That was proof that foreign culture was adapted to the prevailing culture of Malay society in the Riau Islands. This research aims to probe the trace of the spices trade in Riau Island which is written in Malay text in the form of hikayat, syair, and text about medicine and traditional medication. Several things discussed in this research are 1) the forms of cultural acculturation, 2) the uses of spices commodities, and (3) the roles of the spices trade center in the Riau Islands. The finding shows that the cultural interaction of Malay society in the Riau Islands is related to the history and the regional role as the gate and the hub of the world spices trade.
Copyright (c) 2023 Priyo Joko Purnomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0